Always quote citation when using data!
DOI for Scientific and Technical Data
10.5676/DWD_GPCC/CLIMAT_V2025_025 (for 0.25° resolution)
10.5676/DWD_GPCC/CLIMAT_V2025_050 (for 0.5° resolution)
10.5676/DWD_GPCC/CLIMAT_V2025_100 (for 1.0° resolution)
10.5676/DWD_GPCC/CLIMAT_V2025_250 (for 2.5° resolution)
Title
GPCC Precipitation Analysis Climatology Version 2025 (at 0.25°, 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.5°)
Monthly
Land-Surface Precipitation Analysis Climatology for 12 Month from Rain-Gauges built on GTS-based and Historical Data
Subtitle
Globally Gridded Monthly Totals
What's New
variable
gpcc_precip (precipitation per grid cell) is available in the NetCDF file (for 0.25°, 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.5° resolution)
variable
gpcc_num_gauge (number of gauges per grid cell) is available in the NetCDF file (for 0.25°, 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.5° resolution)
variable
gpcc_num_gauge_by_interpolation (number of gauges used by interpolation per grid cell) is available in the NetCDF file (for 0.25°, 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.5° resolution)
variable
gpcc_mean_distance_of_gauges_by_interpolation (mean distance of gauges used by interpolation per grid cell) is available in the NetCDF file (for 0.25°, 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.5° resolution)
variable
gpcc_interpolation_error (YAMAMOTO) is available in the NetCDF file (for 0.25°, 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.5° resolution)
[Yamamoto, J.K. An Alternative Measure of the Reliability of Ordinary Kriging Estimates Mathematical Geology, Springer, 2000, 32, 489-509]
variable
gpcc_systematic_gauge_error (multiplier) is available in the NetCDF file (for 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.5° resolution)
variable
legates_systematic_gauge_error (multiplier) is available in the NetCDF file (for 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.5° resolution)
variable
gpcc_proportion_of_liquid_precip (mean proportion of liquid precipitation per month per grid cell) is available in the NetCDF file (for 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.5° resolution)
variable
gpcc_proportion_of_solid_precip (mean proportion of solid precipitation per month per grid cell) is available in the NetCDF file (for 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.5° resolution)
-> Product Info
Citation
For 0.25° grid resolution:
Rustemeier, Elke; Finger, Peter; Schirmeister, Zora;
Ziese, Markus (2025): GPCC Precipitation Analysis Climatology Version 2025 at
0.25°: Monthly Land-Surface Precipitation Climatology for every Month from Rain-Gauges built on GTS-based and Historical Data.
DOI:
10.5676/DWD_GPCC/CLIMAT_V2025_025
For 0.5° grid resolution:
Rustemeier, Elke; Finger, Peter; Schirmeister, Zora;
Ziese, Markus (2025): GPCC Precipitation Analysis Climatology Version 2025 at
0.50°: Monthly Land-Surface Precipitation Climatology for every Month from Rain-Gauges built on GTS-based and Historical Data.
DOI:
10.5676/DWD_GPCC/CLIMAT_V2025_050
For 1.0° grid resolution:
Rustemeier, Elke; Finger, Peter; Schirmeister, Zora;
Ziese, Markus (2025): GPCC Precipitation Analysis Climatology Version 2025 at
1.0°: Monthly Land-Surface Precipitation Climatology for every Month from Rain-Gauges built on GTS-based and Historical Data.
DOI:
10.5676/DWD_GPCC/CLIMAT_V2025_100
For 2.5° grid resolution:
Rustemeier, Elke; Finger, Peter; Schirmeister, Zora;
Ziese, Markus (2025): GPCC Precipitation Analysis Climatology Version 2025 at
2.5°: Monthly Land-Surface Precipitation Climatology for every Month from Rain-Gauges built on GTS-based and Historical Data.
DOI:
10.5676/DWD_GPCC/CLIMAT_V2025_250
Creators
Rustemeier, Elke; Finger, Peter; Schirmeister, Zora; Ziese, Markus
Publisher
Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC,
http://gpcc.dwd.de/) at Deutscher Wetterdienst
Publication Year
2025
Summary
The new GPCC Precipitation Analysis Climatology (all / V.2025) is focusing on the period 1951-2000
and consists of normals from ca. 89,000 stations. The climatology comprises normals
collected by WMO (CLINOs), delivered by the countries to GPCC or calculated from time-series
of monthly data (with at least 10 complete years of data) available in our database.
In case that time series of sufficient length (more than 40 years) for the period 1951-2000
were not available from a specific station, then climatological normals have also been
calculated for 30-year reference periods within the period 1951-2000 (for 1961-1990,
1951-1980 or 1971-2000) with at least 20 years of data. If even this was not possible,
normals have been calculated for other 30-year periods 1931-1960, 1941-1970, 1981-
2010 or 1991-2020 or for any other period with at least 10 complete years of data.
This climatology is available on a regular latitude/longitude grid with a spatial resolution of 0.25° x 0.25°, 0.5° x 0.5°, 1.0° x 1.0°, and 2.5° x 2.5°.
This GPCC product has been developed as a background field, for superposition of an interpolated anomaly field according to the period of interest.
All other GPCC products utilize the background fields of the GPCC Climatology to grid the monthly data at the corresponding resolution with the anomaly interpolation method.
In addition, the climatological periods 1931-1960, 1941-1970, 1951-1980, 1961-1990, 1971-2000, 1981-2010, 1991-2020 are available for download.
The periods were calculated with at least 20 complete years and consist of data from ca. 20,000-40,000 stations.
Peer-reviewed Articles
"Global gridded precipitation over land: a description of the new GPCC First Guess Daily product"
K. Schamm, M. Ziese, A. Becker, P. Finger, A. Meyer-Christoffer, U. Schneider, M. Schröder, and P. Stender
in Earth System Science Data, DOI:
10.5194/essd-6-49-2014
"Evaluating the hydrological cycle over land using the newly-corrected precipitation climatology from the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC)"
U. Schneider, P. Finger, A. Meyer-Christoffer, E. Rustemeier, M. Ziese, and A. Becker
in Atmosphere, DOI:
10.3390/atmos8030052
"GPCC's new land surface precipitation climatology based on quality-controlled in situ data and its role in quantifying the global water cycle"
U. Schneider, A. Becker, P. Finger, A. Meyer-Christoffer, M. Ziese, B. Rudolf
in Theoretical and Applied Climatology, DOI:
10.1007/s00704-013-0860-x
"A description of the global land-surface precipitation data products of the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre with sample applications including centennial (trend) analysis from 1901-present"
A. Becker, P. Finger, A. Meyer-Christoffer, B. Rudolf, K. Schamm, U. Schneider, and M. Ziese
in Earth System Science Data, DOI:
10.5194/essd-5-71-2013
"The GPCC Drought Index - a new, combined and gridded global drought index"
M. Ziese, U. Schneider, A. Meyer-Christoffer, K. Schamm, J. Vido, P. Finger, P. Bissoli, S.Pietsch, A. Becker
in Earth System Science Data, DOI:
10.5194/essd-6-285-2014
General user recommendations
Users are referred to the following gridded Global Precipitation Climate Centre (GPCC) products:
GPCC Precipitation Analysis Climatology 1951-2000 (
GPCC_Clim) with high representativeness, for application as a reference, and for utilization of the anomaly interpolation method.
GPCC Precipitation Analysis Monthly (
GPCC_FD) with high accuracy, for, e.g., verification of models, or for analysis of historical global precipitation, or for research concerning the global water cycle, e.g., teleconnection analyses.
GPCC Precipitation Analysis Daily (
GPCC_FD_D) is recommended to be used when the daily precipitation information is of highest importance, e.g. for analyses of extreme events and related statistics at daily resolution.
GPCC HOMPRA-Europe (
HOMPRA-Europe) with homogenized precipitation data, suitable for trend analyses.
GPCC Monitoring Product (
GPCC_MP) with high availability and reasonable timeliness, for applications like calibration of satellite data, or early annual reporting.
GPCC First Guess Monthly Product (
GPCC_FG) with high timeliness, to be applied for, e.g., drought monitoring.
GPCC First Guess Daily Product (
GPCC_FG_D) with high timeliness, to be applied for, e.g., drought monitoring.
GPCC Drought Index Product (
GPCC_DI_M) with high timeliness, to be applied for, e.g., drought monitoring.
Please notice also the
GPCC Download Gate with the current versions of all GPCC datasets and additional informations.
Version
2025
Temporal Coverage
January - December
Spatial Coverage
Latitude: -90.0 to 90.0; Longitude: -180.0 to 180.0
Data Format(s)
gzip compressed NetCDF
format description
Tools
List of Software for Manipulating or Displaying NetCDF Data
show list
Panoply netCDF, HDF and GRIB Data Viewer
Panoply Home
Climate Data Operators CDO
CDO Home
Datasize
min. 200 KByte - max. 10 MByte per gzip archive
Contact
Dr. Markus Ziese, Head
Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC)
c/o Deutscher Wetterdienst
Postfach 10 04 65
D-63004 Offenbach/Main
GERMANY
e-mail:
gpcc@dwd.de
Tel.: + 49 (0)69 / 8062-2973
Fax: + 49 (0)69 / 8062-3987
Supplementary infos
Product Info
Terms of Use
