10.5676/DWD_GPCC/MONTHLY_V2025_025 (for 0.25° resolution)
10.5676/DWD_GPCC/MONTHLY_V2025_050 (for 0.5° resolution)
10.5676/DWD_GPCC/MONTHLY_V2025_100 (for 1.0° resolution)
10.5676/DWD_GPCC/MONTHLY_V2025_250 (for 2.5° resolution)



GPCC Precipitation Analysis Monthly Version 2025 (at 0.25°, 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.5°)
Monthly Land-Surface Precipitation Analysis Climatology from Rain-Gauges built on GTS-based and Historical Data
Globally Gridded Monthly Totals
variable precip (precipitation per grid cell) is available in the NetCDF file (for 0.25°, 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.5° resolution)

variable precip_infill (precipitation per grid cell with climatological station values infilling) is available in the NetCDF file (for 0.25°, 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.5° resolution)

variable gauge (number of gauges per grid cell) is available in the NetCDF file (for 0.25°, 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.5° resolution)

variable gauge_int (number of gauges used by interpolation per grid cell) is available in the NetCDF file (for 0.25°, 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.5° resolution)

variable dist_int (mean distance of gauges used by interpolation per grid cell) is available in the NetCDF file (for 0.25°, 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.5° resolution)

variable err (YAMAMOTO interpolation error) is available in the NetCDF file (for 0.25°, 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.5° resolution)
[Yamamoto, J.K. An Alternative Measure of the Reliability of Ordinary Kriging Estimates Mathematical Geology, Springer, 2000, 32, 489-509]

variable sys_err (systematic gauge error as an multiplier) is available in the NetCDF file (for 0.25°, 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.5° resolution)

variable liquid (mean proportion of liquid precipitation per month per grid cell) is available in the NetCDF file (for 0.25°, 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.5° resolution)

variable solid (mean proportion of solid precipitation per month per grid cell) is available in the NetCDF file (for 0.25°, 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.5° resolution)

-> Product Info

For 0.25° grid resolution:
Rustemeier, Elke; Finger, Peter; Schirmeister, Zora; Ziese, Markus (2025): GPCC Precipitation Analysis Climatology Version 2025 at 0.25°: Monthly Land-Surface Precipitation Climatology for every Month from Rain-Gauges built on GTS-based and Historical Data. DOI: 10.5676/DWD_GPCC/MONTHLY_V2025_025

For 0.5° grid resolution:
Rustemeier, Elke; Finger, Peter; Schirmeister, Zora; Ziese, Markus (2025): GPCC Precipitation Analysis Climatology Version 2025 at 0.50°: Monthly Land-Surface Precipitation Climatology for every Month from Rain-Gauges built on GTS-based and Historical Data. DOI: 10.5676/DWD_GPCC/MONTHLY_V2025_050

For 1.0° grid resolution:
Rustemeier, Elke; Finger, Peter; Schirmeister, Zora; Ziese, Markus (2025): GPCC Precipitation Analysis Climatology Version 2025 at 1.0°: Monthly Land-Surface Precipitation Climatology for every Month from Rain-Gauges built on GTS-based and Historical Data. DOI: 10.5676/DWD_GPCC/MONTHLY_V2025_100

For 2.5° grid resolution:
Rustemeier, Elke; Finger, Peter; Schirmeister, Zora; Ziese, Markus (2025): GPCC Precipitation Analysis Climatology Version 2025 at 2.5°: Monthly Land-Surface Precipitation Climatology for every Month from Rain-Gauges built on GTS-based and Historical Data. DOI: 10.5676/DWD_GPCC/MONTHLY_V2025_250

Schirmeister, Zora; Finger, Peter; Rustemeier, Elke; Ziese, Markus
Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC, http://gpcc.dwd.de/) at Deutscher Wetterdienst
2025
The GPCC Precipitation Analysis Monthly (GPCC Monthly) provides gridded monthly precipitation totals for the Earth’s land surface.
These are calculated from the data provided by the national hydrological and/or meteorological services (NHMS) from more than 190 countries,
global and regional data collections, research projects and data distributed in near-real time between the NHMSs.

Monthly precipitation totals are provided on a regular grid with spatial resolutions of 0.25°, 0.5°, 1° and 2.5°.
To generate the grids, monthly anomalies were interpolated and superimposed to the gridded long-term means from the GPCC Climatology GPCC_CLIMAT.

Grids cover the period from 1891 until present, while the data set is continuously extended by the latest month with a latency of two months.
It merges the former Full Data Monthly (LINK) with the Monitoring Product (LINK). This near-real time extension uses quality-controlled SYNOP and CLIMAT data,
as it was done in the Monitoring Product. Additionally, data retrieved from NHMSs’ APIs and open data portals are used.

In addition to monthly precipitation totals, also the fraction of liquid and solid precipitation as well as a weather depended under-catch correction factor are provided for all months since 1982.
As information on the reliability of the gridded data, the number of stations per grid cell, the number of stations used to calculate the grid cell value and the mean distance of those stations are provided.
Furthermore, the standard deviation according to Yamamoto is also available.

A note on the use of time periods with low station density, which is the case especially in the very early years.
The low station density results in an effective grid resolution, that is very coarse and where precipitation is often extended into ungauged desert regions.
You could handle this by applying an additional field with climatological infilling to replace the interpolated grid cell value for those grid cells,
where in the vicinity of 5° was no gauge (use the variable precip_infill).

It is foreseen to update the GPCC Precipitation Analysis Monthly with a cycle of three to four years.
The updated version will include non-real time data from the NHMS, that was provided in the meantime.

"Global gridded precipitation over land: a description of the new GPCC First Guess Daily product"
K. Schamm, M. Ziese, A. Becker, P. Finger, A. Meyer-Christoffer, U. Schneider, M. Schröder, and P. Stender
in Earth System Science Data, DOI: 10.5194/essd-6-49-2014

"Evaluating the hydrological cycle over land using the newly-corrected precipitation climatology from the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC)"
U. Schneider, P. Finger, A. Meyer-Christoffer, E. Rustemeier, M. Ziese, and A. Becker
in Atmosphere, DOI: 10.3390/atmos8030052

"GPCC's new land surface precipitation climatology based on quality-controlled in situ data and its role in quantifying the global water cycle"
U. Schneider, A. Becker, P. Finger, A. Meyer-Christoffer, M. Ziese, B. Rudolf
in Theoretical and Applied Climatology, DOI: 10.1007/s00704-013-0860-x

"A description of the global land-surface precipitation data products of the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre with sample applications including centennial (trend) analysis from 1901-present"
A. Becker, P. Finger, A. Meyer-Christoffer, B. Rudolf, K. Schamm, U. Schneider, and M. Ziese
in Earth System Science Data, DOI: 10.5194/essd-5-71-2013

"The GPCC Drought Index - a new, combined and gridded global drought index"
M. Ziese, U. Schneider, A. Meyer-Christoffer, K. Schamm, J. Vido, P. Finger, P. Bissoli, S.Pietsch, A. Becker
in Earth System Science Data, DOI: 10.5194/essd-6-285-2014

Users are referred to the following gridded Global Precipitation Climate Centre (GPCC) products:

GPCC Precipitation Analysis Climatology 1951-2000 (GPCC_CLIMAT) with high representativeness, for application as a reference, and for utilization of the anomaly interpolation method.

GPCC Precipitation Analysis Monthly (GPCC_MONTHLY) with high accuracy, for, e.g., verification of models, or for analysis of historical global precipitation, or for research concerning the global water cycle, e.g., teleconnection analyses.

GPCC Precipitation Analysis Daily (GPCC_FD_D) is recommended to be used when the daily precipitation information is of highest importance, e.g. for analyses of extreme events and related statistics at daily resolution.

GPCC HOMPRA-Europe (HOMPRA-Europe) with homogenized precipitation data, suitable for trend analyses.

GPCC Monitoring Product (GPCC_MP) with high availability and reasonable timeliness, for applications like calibration of satellite data, or early annual reporting.

GPCC First Guess Monthly Product (GPCC_FG) with high timeliness, to be applied for, e.g., drought monitoring.

GPCC First Guess Daily Product (GPCC_FG_D) with high timeliness, to be applied for, e.g., drought monitoring.

GPCC Drought Index Product (GPCC_DI_M) with high timeliness, to be applied for, e.g., drought monitoring.

Please notice also the GPCC Download Gate with the current versions of all GPCC datasets and additional informations.
2025
January 1891 - present month
Latitude: -90.0° to 90.0°; Longitude: -180.0° to 180.0°
gzip compressed NetCDF format description
List of Software for Manipulating or Displaying NetCDF Data show list
Panoply netCDF, HDF and GRIB Data Viewer Panoply Home
Climate Data Operators CDO CDO Home

The data is available in 5-year packages (1891-2020).
The last package until 2024 covers 4 years.
From January 2025, the data will be provided on a monthly basis.

MINSIZE 80 KByte, MAXSIZE 190 MByte per gzip archive
Dr. Markus Ziese, Head
Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC)
c/o Deutscher Wetterdienst
Postfach 10 04 65
D-63004 Offenbach/Main
GERMANY
e-mail: gpcc@dwd.de

Tel.: + 49 (0)69 / 8062-2973
Fax: + 49 (0)69 / 8062-3987

Product Info
Terms of Use

NetCDF Format (gzip compressed)	0.25 ° (.gz ~ 190 MByte)	0.5 ° (.gz ~ 50 MByte)	1.0 ° (.gz ~ 20 MByte)	2.5 ° (.gz ~ 5 MByte)
1891 - present month (NetCDF gzip compressed) and MD5 Checksum (text file)	download	download	download	download